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Misogyny: The Male Malady, by David D. Gilmore
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"Yes, women are the greatest evil Zeus has made, and men are bound to them hand and foot with impossible knots by God."—Semonides, seventh century B.C.
Men put women on a pedestal to worship them from afar—and to take better aim at them for the purpose of derision. Why is this paradoxical response to women so widespread, so far-reaching, so all-pervasive? Misogyny, David D. Gilmore suggests, is best described as a male malady, as it has always been a characteristic shared by human societies throughout the world.
Misogyny: The Male Malady is a comprehensive historical and anthropological survey of woman-hating that casts new light on this age-old bias. The turmoil of masculinity and the ugliness of misogyny have been well documented in different cultures, but Gilmore's synoptic approach identifies misogyny in a variety of human experiences outside of sex and marriage and makes a fresh and enlightening contribution toward understanding this phenomenon. Gilmore maintains that misogyny is so widespread and so pervasive among men that it must be at least partly psychogenic in origin, a result of identical experiences in the male developmental cycle, rather than caused by the environment alone.
Presenting a wealth of compelling examples—from the jungles of New Guinea to the boardrooms of corporate America—Gilmore shows that misogynistic practices occur in hauntingly identical forms. He asserts that these deep and abiding male anxieties stem from unresolved conflicts between men's intense need for and dependence upon women and their equally intense fear of that dependence. However, misogyny, according to Gilmore, is also often supported and intensified by certain cultural realities, such as patrilineal social organization; kinship ideologies that favor fraternal solidarity over conjugal unity; chronic warfare, feuding, or other forms of intergroup violence; and religious orthodoxy or asceticism. Gilmore is in the end able to offer steps toward the discovery of antidotes to this irrational but global prejudice, providing an opportunity for a lasting cure to misogyny and its manifestations.
- Sales Rank: #451184 in eBooks
- Published on: 2010-08-03
- Released on: 2010-08-03
- Format: Kindle eBook
From Publishers Weekly
Misogyny has been endemic from biblical times to modern. Yet this male fear and loathing of women, says the author, is usually accompanied by positive feelings of "gynophilia"; he adds that, while men can get hysterical about being "polluted" by menstrual blood, some perform excruciating self-mutilation rituals mimicking menstruation. Why are so many men the world over so panicked by women? Gilmore (Mankind in the Making: Cultural Concepts of Masculinity), professor of anthropology at SUNY Stony Brook, eschews one-dimensional theories Freudian, structuralist, materialist in favor of a more encompassing paradigm of male ambivalence. Males are both drawn to females sources of life, pleasure and heirs and fearful of their power, he contends. They handle this ambivalence by attacking women. Curiously, Gilmore considers only the attitudes of heterosexual males, leaving the reader to wonder if homosexual men are equally misogynistic. Some may also wonder how women have shaped or been shaped by misogyny. (Some biblical women Gilmore cites as misogynistic constructs like Delilah and Lilith have been celebrated by women as models of heroism.) Gilmore asserts that women have no comparable "passion" against men (excepting feminists like Andrea Dworkin), but doesn't adequately back up the claim. While the first half of Gilmore's treatise is filled with hair-raising tales of women-bashing, the subsequent analytical chapters equivocate, preparing readers for his mild-mannered solutions: more "integration" of the sexes, more active fathering, teaching tolerance of ambivalent gender feelings. Meanwhile, much of his research seems to show just how viable misogyny has been. Gilmore's academic focus and style (albeit leavened with occasional wit) will largely confine this controversial and stimulating treatise to college audiences.
Copyright 2001 Cahners Business Information, Inc.
Review
"Masterful. . . . The writing is lucid and free of jargon."—Choice
"Readers will be intrigued by the enormous range of material covered."—Literary Research / Recherche Litteraire
About the Author
David D. Gilmore is Professor of Anthropology at the State University of New York, Stony Brook. He is the author of several books, including Monsters: Evil Beings, Mythical Beasts, and All Manner of Imaginary Terrors, also available from the University of Pennsylvania Press.
Most helpful customer reviews
38 of 45 people found the following review helpful.
Misogyny's catalogue
By Eileen G.
More than two thirds of this book consists of a tour of misogyny around the world and through time in order to tell matter-of -factly, evenly and energetically, about a variety of horrific practices, customs, societal prejudices, and institutionalized violence toward females in Melanesia, India, Nepal, the Middle East, Europe, the Garden of Eden, Africa, South America, among the Yuok of Burma, the !Kung San Bushmen of Botswana, the Crow of Montana, and many more. Freud, Brahms, Celtic folklore, Milton Shakespeare, Keats, Yeats, and the British Victorians, too. Even Dr. Strangelove! We're treated to a grab-bag full of descriptions of customs and practices around separation of the sexes, initiation rites, the vagina, menstruation, marriage, conception, childbirth, the damp and the wet, daily life, and inevitable death. Gilmore spares few details (though he does not include clitoridectomy).
What is all of this universal woman-hating about, and where did it come from? Gilmore's not sure. He cites a lot of thinkers, many from anthropology (some, like Chagnon, now discredited). He pays lip service to several psychoanalytic approaches but scant attention to political or economic explanations for misogyny.
Gilmore confides toward the end of his book that "many, if not most, of men's feelings about women are a hodgepodge of strongly contrasting impulses, starkly contradictory affects and fantasies." He clears a path for himself when he asserts that "unlike some who have studied misogyny, I believe this tension-ridden state, not simple hatred or a wish to dominate, accounts for men's denigration of women." His social-psych explanation essentially takes a little from here, a little from there. But finally, he theorizes.
Men. It is _they_ who have suffered, really - according to Gilmore. Men are afraid of the "femaleness" within. It's hurt them as much as it's hurt women. (Gilmore really says that.) Men know that they need women, but they have "phobias, terrors, fantasies." Men suffer from castration anxiety, are afraid of mutilation, have sexual urges at odds with marriage, and just generally have a darn hard time of it. What, then, is to be done for the contemporary problem? Gilmore prescribes "education" and dads caring for their baby sons more. In conclusion he suggests that "men must get more comfortable with their ambiguous sexuality, their subterranean dependency needs for women's nurturing, their 'corrupt' feminine side, and their 'poisonous' bisexual self."
This book is more of a big catalogue of bad things, with a feel-good solution for a very few men at its conclusion, than a deep inquiry into its topic.
10 of 11 people found the following review helpful.
Ultimately unsatisfying
By C. Barnard
I've taken it upon myself to study misogyny recently, and a used copy of Gilmore's Misogyny: The Male Malady is the latest addition to the library.
I suppose he does a fair enough job of describing expressions of misogyny around the world, and so manages to build his argument that it is too broad a phenomenon to be caused by a particular religion, culture or economic system. As a catalogue and review of misogyny, it's not bad. He makes it clear that while the expressions of misogyny vary somewhat from culture to culture, there are several underlying threads which are detectable both in simple hunter-gatherer cultures and the most technically sophisticated Western cultures. (In fact you could make a good case from this book that many current Republican politicians actually set sail from New Guinea in a dugout for a bit of fishing, got themselves lost, and ended up in Washington by mistake.)
He describes perhaps more than I really wanted to know about just how paranoid and histrionic men can get about vaginas and menstrual blood; but I suppose he's an anthropologist, so that's his job.
I think Gilmore's own personal and cultural biases crept in in several places, and ultimately these make the book subjective and unsatisfying.
The Bible, for some reason, is not regarded as a particularly misogynistic scripture (I dare say Elizabeth Cady Stanton - "I know of no other books which so promote the subjection and degradation of women" - would have had something to say about that.) Gilmore then goes on to quote various strictures from the Q'uran in defence of his argument that Islam does have a misogynistic thread running through it; similar strictures can be found in Leviticus and Deuteronomy, but these don't get a mention (and he has little to say about misogyny in late 20th/early 21st Century Western culture).
His eventual conclusion is that a structural explanation is inadequate and that although the phenomenon is over-determined, the roots of misogyny are buried deep in the male psyche (no kidding!). Men, he says, are profoundly ambivalent about women; he takes a couple of hundred pages to describe the various incarnations of the madonna/whore complex.
Nowhere, though, does he criticise the social structures which define roles for women as rigidly as they do. In the chapter on gynophilia (they really do like us, you know!), he highlights the other half of the misogynistic complex - the pathological worship of the "good", "maternal" woman, the giver of life and nurture, relatively uncritically. It doesn't seem to cross his mind that this is equally an objectification of women, and a harmful one, even if it doesn't result in the excesses which the negative objectification does.
He goes to great lengths to point out the deep pain and conflict that men suffer because of their ambivalent feelings about women, without ever exploring the impact of misogyny on women, or how they (we) perceive it - so in many ways this is half a book, and a morally unsatisfactory half to boot. I got to the point of yelling "tell somebody who cares, just STFU and put haloperidol in the water if that's what it takes!" after about ten pages of this self-pitying, self-justifying navel-gazing. The fact that it might be difficult for men to deal with does not make it even slightly ok, and the reasons for bullying, battering and deriding women make no difference to the women suffering the effects. Whether you are profoundly conflicted or just plain drunk, a black eye is a black eye.
His "cure"? More involvement of fathers in the care of their infants, so that baby boys will grow up less confused about where milk comes from. (How about, for example, better legal safeguards for women, Dr Gilmore?)
Men need to become more self-aware about these inner conflicts, he says in his closing remarks, so they can better "appreciate the loveliness, gentleness and beauty of women." - a misogynistic and patronising remark if ever I heard one. Perhaps Dr Gilmore would like to explain this theory to, let's see, a female fighter pilot, or perhaps Hilary Clinton, or any other woman who has absolutely no need of male adoration to justify her existence to herself.
He finishes off with a rather pollyanna-ish hope that if men do this work, we will all ride happily into the sunset: "Only through such a therapeutic gender alliance can men and women be happy together." He ignores the possibility that many women might be happier without close ties to men (Adam Jukes is about the only male writer on the subject with enough honesty to suggest that men are such a mess that women would be better off becoming feminist separatists).
Given all the stuff about milk, nurture and male dependency needs, one suspects that Dr Gilmore is not objective enough to be able to imagine a situation in which these poor, conflicted males do not automatically have access to Big Mommy, and have to grow up, become human beings and do their own cooking.
11 of 16 people found the following review helpful.
Terrible, redundant, full of misinformation.
By OlDirtyBradstard
Let me just state that I'm in a class with Gilmore right now, and this man has NEVER once expressed one single, coherent thought. He babbles on about generalities and gets absolutely nowhere. However, his book does get into specifics, but still babbles on and on about nothing in particular, and fails to draw any sort of conclusion about anything. You will get absolutely nothing out of this. My knowledge of misogyny before reading this book was that some men just hate women for some reason. My knowledge of misogyny after the book was the same exact thing.
It is also abundantly clear that he takes certain historical figures and frequently quotes them out of context, ultimately portraying them in a negative light in order to support his own ideas. For example, Gilmore is very quick to categorize Jonathan Swift as a blatantly misogynistic human being. While Swift's work may at times contain some misogynistic undertones, he was absolutely in no way, shape or form a flat-out misogynist like Gilmore makes him out to be. Swift wrote satire, and thus satirized EVERYONE, including women. In his life he had about three women that he loved dearly at different points, treating them with the utmost respect. Gilmore fails to mention any of this. To portray Swift in such a negative light is an absolute travesty. Yet he does this to not only Jonathan Swift, but to multiple historical figures in order to add some depth and perspective to his own book.
As if the warped historical information is not bad enough, Gilmore's inability to focus will make your brain melt. Sentence after sentence, he jumps from one misogynistic tribe to the next, then a few sentences later, he will revisit one of the vague tribes that he mentioned earlier and state another fact about them. The whole book is structural mess.
If at any point you feel as if you are reading the same thing over and over and over again, you are. I cannot even begin to fathom the amount of information Gilmore repeats. The first two chapters can literally be summed up as this: Some cultures think menstrual blood is the worst thing on the planet, and the vagina is a death-trap. The end. Furthermore, most of the information is absolutely unnecessary. In one particularly gruesome sentence, he states that a certain culture treats female genitalia as a "spittoon, which is only good for spitting or vomiting into." Okay, now that you have stated the most disgusting thing I have ever read in my life, maybe you can tell me what the significance of this is? Why do they do that? Nope, won't tell you. You will never know. Would he care to elaborate at all on this any further? Nope. For all I know, he could have made that up off the top of his head. Guess what, anyone can do the same thing. In this one Papua New Guinean tribe, the men smear fecal matter on the backs of their wives before mounting them in order to keep the evil Pazuzu demon from entering the vagina. Fact.
I assume the only reason you looked up this particular book is because you go to Stony Brook University and he requires that you read it for his final exam. Gotta love that shameless self-promotion. If you however do not attend the university and are not required to read this, DO NOT READ THIS. I have never read any other book on misogyny, but I can only imagine there exists at least 10 other books on the subject that are infinitely better.
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